P.Ĭhemical composition, structure, and hardness of samples of three Zlatoust bulats ( Damascus steels), namely, an Anosov bulat blade (1841), Obukhov bulat blade (1859), and a Shvetsov forged bulat-steel blank (crucible steel) have been investigated.
Structure of three Zlatoust bulats ( Damascus-steel blades) Finally, a program on radiocarbon dating was initiated to directly determine the age of about 50 ancient steels, including a Damascus knife, and the results are summarized. The extend to which the characteristics of Damascus steels are unusual is discussed. Modern attempts to reproduce the legendary surface patterns which famously characterized Damascus steels are described. The legends and origins of Damascus steel date back to the time of Alexander the Great (323 BC) and the medieval Crusades (11th and 12th century AD), and this material has also been the subject of scrutiny by famous scientist in Europe, including Michael Faraday. This observation led us to revisit the history and metallurgy of Damascus steels and related steels. In the late 1970s, we became aware of the striking compositional similarities between these modern steels and the ancient steels of Damascus. Because these steels also had excellent room temperature properties, they were developed for their commercial potential. In the mid-1970s, a class of steels containing high levels of carbon (∼ 1-2 wt% C) was developed for superplastic characteristics - that is, the ability to plastically deform to an extraordinary degree in tension at intermediate temperatures. International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Believe that Damascus steel refers to non-heat-resistant steel of ledeburite class, which have similar structural characteristics with semi-heat-resistant die steel or heat-resistant high speed steel, differing from them only in the nature of excess carbide phase.ĭamascus steels: history, processing, properties and carbon dating It is shown that the pattern of carbide heterogeneity of Damascus steel consists entirely of angular eutectic carbides. It was revealed that some of blades Damascus steel ledeburite class do not contain in its microstructure of crushed ledeburite.
It is established that high-purity white cast iron is converted into of Damascus steel during isothermal soaking at the annealing. It is shown that the angular carbides are formed within the original metastable colony ledeburite, so they are called “eutectic carbideâ€. The third hypothesis is based on the transformation of metastable cementite in the stable of angular eutectic carbide. The second hypothesis is based on the process of fragmentation cementite during deformation to the separate the pieces. The first hypothesis is based on thermal fission of cementite of a few isolated grains. Considered three hypotheses for the formation of excess cementite in the form of faceted prismatic of excess carbides. It is revealed that the morphological features of separate particles of cementite in Damascus steels lies in the abnormal size of excess carbides having the shape of irregular prisms. V.ĭiscovered that some of blades Damascus steel has an unusual nature of origin of the excess cementite, which different from the redundant phases of secondary cementite, cementite of ledeburite and primary cementite in iron-carbon alloys.
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